Transvaginal Ultrasound, Follicular Ovarian cyst- Ecografía transvaginal, Quiste de Ovario
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Ovarian Cysts Overview
Ovarian cysts are small fluid-filled sacs that develop in a woman’s ovaries. Most cysts are harmless, but some may cause problems such as rupturing, bleeding, or pain; and surgery may be required to remove the cyst(s). It is important to understand how these cysts may form.
Women normally have two ovaries that store and release eggs. Each ovary is about the size of a walnut, and one ovary is located on each side of the uterus. One ovary produces one egg each month, and this process starts a woman’s monthly menstrual cycle. The egg is enclosed in a sac called a follicle. An egg grows inside the ovary until estrogen (a hormone), signals the uterus to prepare itself for the egg. In turn, the uterus begins to thicken itself and prepare for pregnancy. This cycle occurs each month and usually ends when the egg is not fertilized. All contents of the uterus are then expelled if the egg is not fertilized. This is called a menstrual period.
In an ultrasound image, ovarian cysts resemble bubbles. The cyst contains only fluid and is surrounded by a very thin wall. This kind of cyst is also called a functional cyst, or simple cyst. If a follicle fails to rupture and release the egg, the fluid remains and can form a cyst in the ovary. This usually affects one of the ovaries. Small cysts (smaller than one-half inch) may be present in a normal ovary while follicles are being formed.
Ovarian cysts affect women of all ages. The vast majority of ovarian cysts are considered functional (or physiologic). In other words, they have nothing to do with disease. Most ovarian cysts are benign, meaning they are not cancerous, and many disappear on their own in a matter of weeks without treatment. Cysts occur most often during a woman’s childbearing years.
Quistes foliculares
Pueden derivar de un folículo preovulatorio (sin luteinización de la pared), de uno postovulatorio (con luteinización de la teca o granulosa) o de uno atrésico. El folículo al ovular alcanza normalmente 3 a 3,5 cm, por lo que los quistes foliculares sin luteinización son mayores de 3,5 cm y menores de 10 cm. Generalmente se trata de uno solo. Son de contenido líquido seroso, superficie interna lisa, pared delgada y constituida por granulosa y teca interna, con o sin luteinización, a veces la pared es hialina (quiste del folículo atrésico).
El quiste folicular preovulatorio generalmente secreta estrógenos y se produce por sobreestimulación de hormona folículo estimulante. El quiste de granulosa luteínica secreta progesterona y frecuentemente se origina de folículos que no alcanzaron a romperse al ovular. El de teca luteínica secreta andrógenos, tiene luteinización predominantmente de la teca interna y se produce por sobreestimulación de hormona luteinizante (LH) o gonadotrofina coriónica (HCG), endógenas o exógenas. Los quistes del folículo atrésico pueden secretar andrógenos.
Las complicaciones de estos quistes son la hemorragia intraquística y ruptura al peritoneo.
Ovarian cysts can be categorized as noncancerous or cancerous growths. While cysts may be found in ovarian cancer, ovarian cysts typically represent a normal process or harmless (benign) condition.
All of the following conditions are noncancerous, or benign, ovarian growths or cysts. A woman may develop one or more of them.
Follicular cyst: This type of simple cyst can form when ovulation does not occur or when a mature follicle involutes (collapses on itself). It usually forms at the time of ovulation and can grow to about 2.3 inches in diameter. The rupture of this type of cyst can create sharp severe pain on the side of the ovary on which the cyst appears. This sharp pain (sometimes called mittelschmerz) occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle, during ovulation. About one-fourth of women with this type of cyst experience pain. Usually, these cysts produce no symptoms and disappear by themselves within a few months. A woman’s doctor monitors these to make sure they disappear and looks at treatment options if they do not.
Corpus luteum cyst: This type of functional ovarian cyst occurs after an egg has been released from a follicle. After this happens, the follicle becomes what is known as a corpus luteum. If a pregnancy doesn’t occur, the corpus luteum usually breaks down and disappears. It may, however, fill with fluid or blood and persist on the ovary. Usually, this cyst is found on only one side and produces no symptoms.
Hemorrhagic cyst: This type of functional cyst occurs when bleeding occurs within a cyst. Symptoms such as abdominal pain on one side of the body may be present with this type of cyst.
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